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Type 2 Diabetes : Causes, Symptoms and treatment

 Diabetes is a disease of blood glucose levels. Most of the diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes and a majority of the population suffers from pre-diabetes in which the blood glucose level is above normal but below the actual diabetes level.

How Diabetes is caused:

Insulin, a hormone produced by pancreas gland helps cell get glucose for their proper functioning. But in the case of type 2 diabetes, the body is making insulin but the cells are not able to use it well as they should, this situation is known as insulin resistance. To cope with the insulin resistance the pancreas makes more insulin to force glucose into the cells but then a level reaches when it is not able to keep up, and the sugar starts building in the blood.

Diabetes type 2 is caused by a combination of factors, which include:

 

 

  • Genes: Different bits of DNA affect the way the body makes insulin.
  • Weight issues: Having extra weight or being obese results in insulin resistance in the body. Due to obesity in kids and teens, diabetes type 2 can also be seen in kids and teens.
  • Metabolic syndrome: Insulin resistance also results in an extra fat around the waist, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglycerides.
  • High glucose from liver: When liver detects low blood sugar levels it produces glucose and sends out glucose. And when the blood glucose level is high the livers slows down and stores the glucose produced for later use. But in some people liver is unable to slow down and keeps cranking out sugar.
  • Ill communication between cells: Sometimes the cells are unable to interpret the messages from other cells correctly and send the wrong signals. This leads to irregularity in the use of glucose and production of insulin, which in turn results in diabetes.
  • Broken beta cells: When insulin-making cells send the wrong amount of insulin, the blood sugar level increases which can in turn damage the insulin-producing cells too.

 

Symptoms:

  • Being thirsty
  • Frequent urination
  • Blur Vision
  • Numbness in hands or feet
  • Wounds don’t heal
  • Yeast infections
  • Headaches
  • Weight gain
  • Skin changes near the neck and shoulders

Risk factors:

 

  • Diabetes is a genetic disease, if one of your parents suffer from it, you may have chances to get it.
  • Not physically active
  • Overweight
  • Heart diseases
  • High blood pressure
  • Cholesterol level becomes extremely low
  • If you are pregnant and you have diabetes, your newborn baby might be around nine pounds when he is born.

Treatments:

You can manage diabetes in various ways; one of the major roles can be played by diet and exercise. To manage your blood sugar you will have to make sure you do not consume too many carbs, fibre and sugar.  The other diabetics patients try is consulting a doctor and taking medication. The doctors usually prescribe meglitinides and sulfonylureas.

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